What Is GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. First identified in the 1970s, it has become one of the most researched peptides in dermatology and tissue remodeling.
GHK-Cu is unique in the peptide world — it has both injectable/research applications AND a well-established over-the-counter skincare market. This makes it one of the most commercially accessible peptides available.
Quick Facts
| Property | Detail |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper |
| Molecular Weight | ~340 Da (GHK free peptide) / ~400 Da (GHK-Cu complex) |
| Structure | Tripeptide + copper ion |
| Identified | 1970s |
| Regulatory Status | Expected Category 1 reclassification |
| OTC Available | Yes (topical skincare) |
Research Areas of Interest
- Skin rejuvenation — promotes collagen and elastin synthesis; the most-studied copper peptide in anti-aging
- Wound healing — accelerates tissue repair and reduces scarring in preclinical models
- Hair growth — research suggests it may enlarge hair follicles and stimulate growth
- Anti-inflammatory — may reduce oxidative damage and chronic inflammation
- Tissue remodeling — studied for bone, cartilage, and connective tissue repair
How It's Sold
| Source | Form | Prescription? | Typical Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| OTC Skincare | Serums and creams (0.1-1%) | No | $30-120/product |
| Research Vendors | Lyophilized powder | No | $25-60/vial |
| Compounding Pharmacy | Injectable (subcutaneous) | Yes | $100-250+/month |
| Compounding Pharmacy | Custom topical (high concentration) | Yes | $75-200/month |
| Compounding Pharmacy | Microneedling solution | Yes | $80-150/session |
Topical vs. Injectable: What's the Difference?
| Factor | OTC Topical | Compounded Topical | Injectable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration | 0.1-1% | 1-5%+ (custom) | Varies |
| Penetration | Surface/epidermis | Deeper (microneedling) | Systemic |
| Prescription | No | Yes | Yes |
| Best For | General skincare | Targeted skin therapy | Systemic research |
| Accessibility | Widely available | Compounding pharmacy | Compounding pharmacy |
What to Look For When Buying
For Topical Products (OTC)
- Concentration clearly stated on the label
- Blue/purple tint is normal — it comes from the copper ion
- Stable formulation (copper peptides degrade in certain pH environments)
Never combine GHK-Cu with Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), AHAs, BHAs, or other direct acids in the same application. These ingredients degrade the copper peptide complex and reduce effectiveness.
For Research/Injectable Forms
- HPLC purity — 98%+ required
- Mass spectrometry — confirm MW matches ~400 Da for the GHK-Cu complex (~340 Da for free GHK peptide)
- Copper content verification — the copper ion is essential to biological activity
- Endotoxin testing — mandatory for injectable applications
Storage Guide
| Form | Temperature | Shelf Life |
|---|---|---|
| Lyophilized | -20°C (long-term); 2-8°C (short-term) | Months to years |
| Reconstituted | 2-8°C | 14 days |
| OTC Topical | Room temperature | Per manufacturer |
Key Sourcing Tips
- For skincare and anti-aging: OTC copper peptide serums are the most accessible starting point
- For research: verify copper content in the COA, not just peptide purity
- The blue/purple color is a sign of legitimate copper binding — colorless products may lack adequate copper
- If a topical product claims GHK-Cu but has no visible tint and no concentration listed, be skeptical